IPA don Ghaeilge

WP:IPA-ga

Taispeánann na cairteanna thíos Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta (AIF) fuaimnithe na Gaeilge in ailt ar an Vicipéid. Féach fóineolaíocht na Gaeilge le tuilleadh plé ar an bhfóineolaíocht a fheiceáil.

Consain
leathan^[1]		caol^[2]		Neasleaganacha sa Bhéarla
IPA	Sampla	IPA	Sampla	Neasleaganacha sa Bhéarla
b	bain, scuab	bʲ	béal, cnáib	boot; beautiful
d	dorn, nead	dʲ	dearg, cuid	do (but dental), though in Hiberno-English; dew
f	fós, graf pholl	fʲ	fíon, stuif phríosún	fool; fuel
ɡ	gasúr, bog	ɟ	geata, carraig	goose; argue
ɣ	dhorn ghasúr	j	dhearg gheata	(no equivalent); yellow
h^[3]	Shasana, shean thaisce, theanga hata, na héisc			hand
k	cáis, mac	c	ceist, mic	coot; cute
l̪ˠ}}^[4]	labhair, balla	l̠ʲ^[4]	leabhair, goilleadh	filth; million
lˠ^[4]	fhlaith, bealach	lʲ^[4]	fhleasc, goile	pool; leaf
m	mór, am	mʲ	milis, im	moot; mute
n̪ˠ^[5]	naoi, donna	n̠ʲ^[5]	ní, bainne	tenth; inch
nˠ^[5]	dona	nʲ^[5]	bainis	noon; new
ŋ	ngasúr	ɲ	ngeata	lasagna
p	poll, stop	pʲ	príosún, truip	poor; pure
ɾ	rí, cuairt, barr, cairr	ɾʲ	fhréamh, tirim	rule (but tapped); real (but tapped)
s	Sasana, tús, speal	ʃ	sean, cáis	soon; sheet
t	taisce, ceart	tʲ	tír, beirt	tool (but dental), thorn in Hiberno-English; tune
w^[6]	bhain, dubh mhór, léamh vóta	vʲ	bhéal, sibh mhilis, nimh veidhlín	have or wallow; view
x	cháis, taoiseach	ç	cheist, deich	loch (Scottish English); hue (pronounced strongly)

Gutaí
IPA	Samplaí	Neasleagan sa Bhéarla
a	mac	up
aː	tá	father
ɛ	ceist	best
eː	mé, Gael	air
ɪ	ith, duine	kit
iː	mín	mean
ɔ	olc, deoch	cloth
oː	bó, ceol	roll
ʊ	dubh, fliuch	good
uː	tú	too
ə	solas, milis	sofa
iə^[7]	bia	idea
uə^[7]	fuar	truer
əi^[7]	saghas	light (pronounced lazily)
əu^[7]	leabhar	boat

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable); usually the first syllable except in Munster
ˌ	Secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)

↑ Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ›, are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents, like RP and General American, but not in Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Note that the superscript character ‹ˠ› is not a capital "Y" but a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›.
↑ "Slender" (palatalized) consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e›, ‹i›.
↑ /h/ is neither broad nor slender.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "l" sound. Most dialects have merged /l̪ˠ/ and /lˠ/ as /l̪ˠ/, and some have also merged /l̠ʲ/ and /lʲ/ as /lʲ/. Still others have merged /lˠ/ and /lʲ/ as /l/.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "n" sound. Most dialects have merged /n̪ˠ/ and /nˠ/ as [n̪ˠ], and some have also merged /n̠ʲ/ and /nʲ/ as [nʲ]. Still others have merged /nˠ/ and /nʲ/ as Teimpléad:IPAblink. In parts of Munster, /n̠ʲ/ has merged with /ɲ/ in non-initial position.
↑ Also v in some positions in some dialects.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯.

[1] Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ›, are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents, like RP and General American, but not in Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Note that the superscript character ‹ˠ› is not a capital "Y" but a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›.

[2] "Slender" (palatalized) consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e›, ‹i›.

[h-3] /h/ is neither broad nor slender.

[l-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "l" sound. Most dialects have merged /l̪ˠ/ and /lˠ/ as /l̪ˠ/, and some have also merged /l̠ʲ/ and /lʲ/ as /lʲ/. Still others have merged /lˠ/ and /lʲ/ as /l/.

[n-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "n" sound. Most dialects have merged /n̪ˠ/ and /nˠ/ as [n̪ˠ], and some have also merged /n̠ʲ/ and /nʲ/ as [nʲ]. Still others have merged /nˠ/ and /nʲ/ as Teimpléad:IPAblink. In parts of Munster, /n̠ʲ/ has merged with /ɲ/ in non-initial position.

[6] Also v in some positions in some dialects.

[diph-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯.

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